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  2. Friction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction

    Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. [2][3] Types of friction include dry, fluid, lubricated, skin, and internal -- an incomplete list. The study of the processes involved is called tribology, and has a history of more than 2000 years.

  3. Shear strength (soil) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_strength_(soil)

    Shear strength (soil) Typical stress strain curve for a drained dilatant soil. Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. The shear resistance of soil is a result of friction and interlocking of particles, and possibly cementation or bonding of particle contacts.

  4. Capstan equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capstan_equation

    The capstan equation[1] or belt friction equation, also known as Euler–Eytelwein formula[2] (after Leonhard Euler and Johann Albert Eytelwein), [3] relates the hold-force to the load-force if a flexible line is wound around a cylinder (a bollard, a winch or a capstan). [4][1] It also applies for fractions of one turn as occur with rope drives ...

  5. Stokes' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes'_law

    Equation for the velocity of a body in viscous fluid. In fluid dynamics, Stokes' law is an empirical law for the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid. [1] It was derived by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851 by solving the Stokes flow limit for small Reynolds ...

  6. Rolling resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_resistance

    is the rolling resistance coefficient or coefficient of rolling friction with dimension of length, and N {\displaystyle N} is the normal force (equal to W , not R , as shown in figure 1). The above equation, where resistance is inversely proportional to radius r {\displaystyle r} seems to be based on the discredited "Coulomb's law" (Neither ...

  7. Constitutive equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutive_equation

    Friction is a complicated phenomenon. Macroscopically, the friction force F between the interface of two materials can be modelled as proportional to the reaction force R at a point of contact between two interfaces through a dimensionless coefficient of friction μ f, which depends on the pair of materials: =.

  8. Split friction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_friction

    Split friction. Split friction (or μ (mu) - split) is a road condition that occurs when the friction significantly differs between the left and the right wheelpath. [1] The road may then not be perceived as hazardous when accelerating, cruising or even braking softly. But in a case of hard (emergency-)braking, the car will start to rotate over ...

  9. Braking action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braking_action

    In Europe the format of braking action declarations are given using the Greek term mu which is the co-efficient of friction Good = a mu value of 0.4 and above; measured snowtam decode is 95 Med/Good = a mu value of 0.36 to 0.39; measured snowtam decode is 94 Med = a mu value of 0.30 to 0.35; measured snowtam decode is 93