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Sinus node dysfunction also known as sick sinus syndrome is a group of irregular heartbeat conditions caused by faulty electrical signals of the heart. When the heart's sinoatrial node is defective, the heart's rhythms become abnormal—typically too slow or exhibiting pauses in its function or a combination, and very rarely faster than normal ...
The atrioventricular node or AV node electrically connects the heart's atria and ventricles to coordinate beating in the top of the heart; it is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart. [1] The AV node lies at the lower back section of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus, and conducts the normal ...
A sinus rhythm is any cardiac rhythm in which depolarisation of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node. [1] It is necessary, but not sufficient, for normal electrical activity within the heart. [2] On the electrocardiogram (ECG), a sinus rhythm is characterised by the presence of P waves that are normal in morphology. [2]
Impulses from the sinus node reach the atrioventricular node which acts as the secondary pacemaker. The cells of the AV node normally discharge at about 40–60 beats per minute, and are called the secondary pacemaker. Further down the electrical conducting system of the heart is the Bundle of His.
This sinus rhythm is important because it ensures that the heart's atria reliably contract before the ventricles, ensuring as optimal stroke volume and cardiac output. [ 4 ] In junctional rhythm, however, the sinoatrial node does not control the heart's rhythm – this can happen in the case of a block in conduction somewhere along the pathway ...
A sinoatrial block (also spelled sinuatrial block) [1] is a disorder in the normal rhythm of the heart, known as a heart block, that is initiated in the sinoatrial node.The initial action impulse in a heart is usually formed in the sinoatrial node (SA node) and carried through the atria, down the internodal atrial pathways to the atrioventricular node (AV) node. [2]
Sinus tachycardia is a sinus rhythm of the heart, with an increased rate of electrical discharge from the sinoatrial node, resulting in a tachycardia, a heart rate that is higher than the upper limit of normal (90-100 beats per minute for adult humans). [1] The normal resting heart rate is 60–90 bpm in an average adult. [2]
The origin of the sinoatrial node artery is not related to coronary artery dominance, which means the side (right or left) that provides the circulation to the back of the heart. In contrast, the atrioventricular nodal branch, that is the artery that brings blood to the atrioventricular node, depends on coronary artery dominance. [citation needed]