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Ovarian cysts may be classified according to whether they are a variant of the normal menstrual cycle, referred to as a functional or follicular cyst. [6] Ovarian cysts are considered large when they are over 5 cm and giant when they are over 15 cm. In children, ovarian cysts reaching above the level of the umbilicus are considered giant.
A dermoid cyst is a teratoma of a cystic nature that contains an array of developmentally mature, solid tissues. It frequently consists of skin, hair follicles, and sweat glands, while other commonly found components include clumps of long hair, pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nail, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue.
Mature teratomas include dermoid cysts and are generally benign. [8] Immature teratomas may be cancerous. [4] [9] Most ovarian teratomas are mature. [10] In adults, testicular teratomas are generally cancerous. [11] Definitive diagnosis is based on a tissue biopsy. [2] Treatment of coccyx, testicular, and ovarian teratomas is generally by surgery.
It is common for many women to develop a cyst in their lifetime. [4] At times, these can go unnoticed without pain or visible symptoms. A cyst may develop in either of the ovaries that are responsible for producing hormones and carrying eggs. Ovarian cysts can be of various types, such as dermoid cysts, endometrioma cysts, and the functional cyst.
Large cysts can lead to torsion of the adnexa inflicting acute pain. [3] [4] Prior to surgery, PTCs are usually seen on ultrasonography. However, because of the proximity of the ovary that may display follicle cysts, it may be a challenge to identify a cyst as paratubal or paraovarian. [5]
Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) are heterogeneous tumors that are derived from the primitive germ cells of the embryonic gonad, which accounts for about 2.6% of all ovarian malignancies. [1] There are four main types of OGCTs, namely dysgerminomas , yolk sac tumor , teratoma , and choriocarcinoma .
Surgery at age 50-54 reduces the probability of survival until age 80 by 8% (from 62% to 54% survival), surgery at age 55-59 by 4%. Most of this effect is due to excess cardiovascular risk and hip fractures. [27] Removal of ovaries causes hormonal changes and symptoms similar to, but generally more severe than, menopause. Women who have had an ...
The mainstay of treatment is surgery to remove the residual ovarian tissue. Women with ORS with a pelvic mass should have appropriate evaluation for malignancy . Hormonal therapy to suppress ovarian function is an alternative treatment for those who refuse surgery, or those who are not candidates for surgery. [3]