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The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. [1] [2] Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief is a 1999 book by Canadian clinical psychologist and psychology professor Jordan Peterson. The book describes a theory for how people construct meaning , in a way that is compatible with the modern scientific understanding of how the brain functions. [ 1 ]
William David "Bill" Winn (1945–2006 [1]) was an American educational psychologist, and professor at the University of Washington College of Education, known for his work on how people learn from diagrams, and on how cognitive and constructivist theories of learning can help instructional designers select effective teaching strategies.
When he stopped to "take a look at the scenery," children were asked what the landscape looked like from Grover's perspective. The results showed that children as young as three-years-old were able to perform well, and they showed evidence of perspective-taking , [ 10 ] the ability to understand a situation from an alternate point of view.
He tried to explain the behavior of rats that appeared to learn the spatial layout of a maze, and subsequently the concept was applied to other animals, including humans. [2] The term was later generalized by some researchers, especially in the field of operations research , to refer to a kind of semantic network representing an individual's ...
The theory of basic human values is a theory of cross-cultural psychology and universal values developed by Shalom H. Schwartz. The theory extends previous cross-cultural communication frameworks such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Schwartz identifies ten basic human values, distinguished by their underlying motivation or goals, and ...
In the following diagram, the two objections weaken the contention, while the reasons support the premise of the objection: A sample argument using objections. Some argument mapping conventions allow for perspicuous representation of inferences. [12] In the following diagram, box 2.1 represents an inference, labeled with the inference rule ...
A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information into a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole. [1] It is often based on a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added.