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A reference to a standard or choice-free presentation of some mathematical object (e.g., canonical map, canonical form, or canonical ordering). The same term can also be used more informally to refer to something "standard" or "classic". For example, one might say that Euclid's proof is the "canonical proof" of the infinitude of primes.
For example, quotient set, quotient group, quotient category, etc. 3. In number theory and field theory, / denotes a field extension, where F is an extension field of the field E. 4. In probability theory, denotes a conditional probability. For example, (/) denotes the probability of A, given that B occurs.
This is a list of axioms as that term is understood in mathematics. In epistemology, the word axiom is understood differently; see axiom and self-evidence. Individual axioms are almost always part of a larger axiomatic system.
This page will attempt to list examples in mathematics. To qualify for inclusion, an article should be about a mathematical object with a fair amount of concreteness. Usually a definition of an abstract concept, a theorem, or a proof would not be an "example" as the term should be understood here (an elegant proof of an isolated but particularly striking fact, as opposed to a proof of a ...
A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the solar system, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems .
Example of a physical phenomenon is an observable phenomenon of the lunar orbit or the phenomenon of oscillations of a pendulum. [4] A mechanical phenomenon is a physical phenomenon associated with the equilibrium or motion of objects. [5] Some examples are Newton's cradle, engines, and double pendulums.
No free lunch in search and optimization (computational complexity theory) No free lunch theorem (philosophy of mathematics) No-hair theorem ; No-trade theorem ; No wandering domain theorem (ergodic theory) Noether's theorem (Lie groups, calculus of variations, differential invariants, physics)
In mathematics, a combinatorial explosion is the rapid growth of the complexity of a problem due to the way its combinatorics depends on input, constraints and bounds. Combinatorial explosion is sometimes used to justify the intractability of certain problems.