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Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, [1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. [8] It is a short-acting β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle. [8]
The most common side effects include headache, oral candidiasis, cough, and difficulty speaking. [2] Salbutamol/budesonide was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2023. [2] [3] It is the first combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a short-acting beta-agonist to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA ...
This drug is 10,000-times more lipid soluble than the short acting beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist, albuterol. Unlike albuterol, salmeterol becomes dissolved in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, and its gradual dissociation from the cell membrane provides beta-2 adrenoceptors with a supply of agonist for an extended period of time.
Potentially serious side effects include urinary retention, worsening spasms of the airways, and a severe allergic reaction. [3] It appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding . [ 3 ] [ 9 ] Ipratropium is a short-acting muscarinic antagonist , [ 10 ] which works by causing smooth muscles to relax.
The 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma report [3] recommends a combination formoterol/inhaled corticosteroid inhaler as both a preventer and reliever treatment for asthma in adults. In children, a short-acting β 2 adrenergic agonist (e.g., salbutamol) is still recommended. It was patented in 1972 and came into medical use in 1998. [4]
The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II. The drug or other substance has a currently [1] accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
The dose used by Palmer and colleagues was dramatically higher than that used in humans, the equivalent of about 20 grams per day. [47] In humans, much lower dosages (600 mg per day) have been observed to counteract some age-related decline in the hypoxic ventilatory response as tested by inducing prolonged hypoxia. [48]
Common side effects include headache, feeling tired, nausea, diarrhea, and fever. [3] Severe side effects may include bone marrow suppression, muscle damage, worsening of hepatitis B if previously infected, high blood lactate and liver enlargement. [2] [4] It may be part of a recommended treatment during pregnancy. [2]