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Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels in the plasma membranes of heart and brain cells. [1] HCN channels are sometimes referred to as pacemaker channels because they help to generate rhythmic activity within groups of heart and ...
Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. Cells typically have a negative resting potential, with neuronal action potentials depolarizing the membrane. Cells typically have a negative resting potential, with neuronal action potentials depolarizing the membrane.
The molecular determinants of the pacemaker current belong to the HCN channel (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated channel), of which 4 isoforms (HCN1 to HCN4) are known. Based on their sequence, HCN channels are classified as members of the superfamily of voltage-gated K + (Kv) and CNG channels. [3] [8]
These channels, formally called hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated channels (HCN channels), are also termed "pacemaker channels" because of this critical function. As their name implies, they are open during conditions of hyperpolarization and closed during depolarization.
15165 Ensembl ENSG00000164588 ENSMUSG00000021730 UniProt O60741 O88704 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021072 NM_010408 RefSeq (protein) NP_066550 NP_034538 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 45.25 – 45.7 Mb Chr 13: 117.74 – 118.12 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN1 ...
15166 Ensembl ENSG00000099822 ENSMUSG00000020331 UniProt Q9UL51 O88703 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001194 NM_008226 RefSeq (protein) NP_001185 NP_032252 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 0.59 – 0.62 Mb Chr 10: 79.55 – 79.57 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ...
There are four HCN channels. HCN4 is prominently expressed in the pace maker region of the mammalian heart. [9] Some humans with bradycardia and Sick sinus syndrome have been shown to have mutations in their HCN4 gene. [10] [11] [12] The role of HCN channels in autonomic control of heart rate is currently a matter of ongoing investigation. [13 ...
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: This superfamily of channels contains two families: the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels and the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. This grouping is functional rather than evolutionary.