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Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis). It is the namesake member of the papain-like protease family.
Papain-like proteases share a common catalytic dyad active site featuring a cysteine amino acid residue that acts as a nucleophile. [1] The human genome encodes eleven cysteine cathepsins which have a broad range of physiological functions. [3] In some parasites papain-like proteases have roles in host invasion, such as cruzipain from ...
Chymopapain (EC 3.4.22.6, chymopapain A, chymopapain B, chymopapain S, brand name Chymodiactin) is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from the latex of papaya (Carica papaya).It is a cysteine protease which belongs to the papain-like protease (PLCP) group. [1]
The recognition sequence and the cut site usually match, but sometimes the cut site can be dozens of nucleotides away from the recognition site. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Isoschizomers and neoschizomers : An isoschizomer is a restriction enzyme that recognizes the same sequence as another.
The enzyme papain can be used to cleave an immunoglobulin monomer into two Fab fragments and an Fc fragment. Conversely, the enzyme pepsin cleaves below the hinge region, so the result instead is a F(ab') 2 fragment and a pFc' fragment.
Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut : Cutting site and DNA products of the cut. The recognition sequence and the cutting site usually match, but sometimes the cutting site can be dozens of nucleotides away from the recognition site [ 5 ] [ 6 ] .
Discovered by Gopal Chunder Roy in 1873, the first cysteine protease to be isolated and characterized was papain, obtained from Carica papaya. [1] Cysteine proteases are commonly encountered in fruits including the papaya , pineapple , fig and kiwifruit .
Several databases exist for restriction sites and enzymes, of which the largest noncommercial database is REBASE. [5] [6] Recently, it has been shown that statistically significant nullomers (i.e. short absent motifs which are highly expected to exist) in virus genomes are restriction sites indicating that viruses have probably got rid of these motifs to facilitate invasion of bacterial hosts. [7]