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Using CFCs or SF 6 as a tracer of ocean circulation allows for the derivation of rates for ocean processes due to the time-dependent source function. The elapsed time since a subsurface water mass was last in contact with the atmosphere is the tracer-derived age. [ 71 ]
Only methyl chloride, which is one of the halocarbons, has a mainly natural source, [40] and it is responsible for about 20% of the chlorine in the stratosphere; the remaining 80% comes from man-made sources. [41] Chlorofluorocarbons, in contrast, are insoluble and long-lived, allowing them to reach the stratosphere.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion. The total amount of effective halogens (chlorine and bromine) in the stratosphere can be calculated and are known as the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC).
Wallace "Wally" Smith Broecker (November 29, 1931 – February 18, 2019) was an American geochemist. He was the Newberry Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, a scientist at Columbia's Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory and a sustainability fellow at Arizona State University. [1]
Its main source remained uncertain, but production of hydrofluorocarbons in East Asia was suspected. [4] Between 2012 and 2017, concentrations of the gas jumped by 40 percent. [ 5 ] In 2020, the global mean concentration of CFC-113a was 1.02 parts per trillion with global emissions of 2.5 ± 0.4 ODP-Gg yr −1 .
Chlorotrifluoromethane, R-13, CFC-13, or Freon 13, is a non-flammable, non-corrosive, nontoxic chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and also a mixed halomethane. It is a man-made substance used primarily as a refrigerant. When released into the environment, CFC-13 has a high ozone depletion potential, and long atmospheric lifetime. [2]
Researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) came across a historic discovery while mapping the ocean floor recently -- an oil tanker that dates back to World War II.
Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) have a relatively short lifetime in the atmosphere – a few days to a few decades – and a powerful warming influence on climate.. The main short-lived climate pollutants are black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone, which are the most important contributors to the human enhancement of the global greenhouse effect after C