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From 698 to 926, the kingdom of Bohai ruled over all of Manchuria, including the northern Korean peninsula and Primorsky Krai.Balhae was composed predominantly of Goguryeo language and Tungusic-speaking peoples (Mohe people), and was an early feudal medieval state of Eastern Asia, which developed its industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, and had its own cultural traditions and art.
However neither the name Manchu or the Chinese rendering of Manshū as Manzhou ever acquired geographical connotations, while in Japanese, both Manchuria and Manchu are rendered as Manshū. According to Nakami Tatsuo, Manzhou was used to refer to Manchu people or one of their states rather than a region: "Originally, Manzhou was the name of the ...
The Jurchens were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria (present-day Northeast China) until the 17th century, when they adopted the name Manchu. List of Jurchen chieftains during the Liao dynasty (926–1115)
In Manchu, this word was more often used to describe the serfs [18] —though not slaves [19] —of the free Manchu people, [18] who were themselves mostly the former Jurchens. To describe the historical people who founded the Jin dynasty, they reborrowed the Mongolian name as Jurcit (Jyrkät).
The Qing dynasty was founded by the Manchu people, a Tungusic people who conquered the Ming dynasty, and by the 18th century it had extended its control into Inner Asia. During the Qing period languages like Chinese , Manchu , Mongolian , Tibetan , and Turki ( Uyghur ) were often used in the Qing realm.
[13]: 63 The Chinese characters chosen to translate the Manchu name are 滿洲 which, like the character for "Qing" (清), have the water component. Some speculate that this was done because the Ming dynasty's name (明), which means "bright", represents fire, and water extinguishes fire. [14]
Edward Rhoads asserted that the Manchu ethnic group was synonymous with the Eight Banners from the Boxer Rebellion until the People's Republic of China recognised the Manchu ethnic group. [ 70 ] When the Communist Party was creating new classifications for ethnic minorities in the 1950s, all members of the Eight Banners could opt to join the ...
Han Chinese transfrontiersmen and other non-Jurchen origin people who joined the Later Jin very early were put into the Manchu Banners and were known as "Baisin" in Manchu, and not put into the Han Banners to which later Han Chinese were placed in. [10] [11] An example was the Tohoro Manchu clan in the Manchu banners which claimed to be ...