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The legal system in the United Arab Emirates is based on civil law, and Sharia law in the personal status matters of Muslims and blood money compensation. [1] Personal status matters of non-Muslims are based on civil law. [2] The UAE constitution established a federal court system and allows all emirates to establish local courts systems. [3]
Federal Labour Law – Applies to all the seven Emirates and supersedes free zone laws in certain areas. [239] JAFZA Labour Law – Applies to the Dubai Jebel Ali Free Zone. TECOM Labour Law – Applies to all Dubai Technology and Media Free Zone properties: Internet City, Media City, Studio City and International Media Production Zone. [240]
The emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai also have common law courts that adjudicate commercial cases in financial free zones, with both emirates allowing local businesses to opt-in to the jurisdiction of the common law courts for business contracts. [2] [3] [4]
Dubai Courts manages three levels of Courts: the First Instance Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Court of Cassation. The department has the authority to appoint and remove judges in any of the courts, often on the advice of the ruler of Dubai, and judges are formally given independence to issue judgements in the name of the ruler.
The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) (Arabic: وزارة العدل) of the United Arab Emirates was created in 1971, shortly after the federal government was established. [1] The ministry oversees the court system of the United Arab Emirates and any associated prosecutorial services.
Being the highest judicial instance in the UAE does not mean that its jurisdiction applies to all seven Emirates: Dubai and Ras Al Khayma have their own local judicial system. Article 96 of the UAE Constitution reads as follows "The Supreme Court of the Union shall consist of a President and a number of Judges, not exceeding five in all, who ...
There are very few anti-discrimination laws in relation to labour issues, with Emiratis being given preferential treatment when it comes to employment, even though they generally do not show an interest in working. [1] Emiratis and nationals from developed countries are also given higher salaries compared to workers from other parts of the world.
The UAE's judicial system is derived from the civil law system and Sharia law. The court system consists of civil courts and Sharia courts. According to Human Rights Watch, UAE's civil and criminal courts apply elements of Sharia law, codified into its criminal code and family law, in a way which discriminates against women. [61]