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Like other gas-discharge lamps such as the very-similar mercury-vapor lamps, metal-halide lamps produce light by ionizing a mixture of gases in an electric arc.In a metal-halide lamp, the compact arc tube contains a mixture of argon or xenon, mercury, and a variety of metal halides, such as sodium iodide and scandium iodide. [7]
Hydrargyrum quartz iodide (HQI) is a trademark name of Osram's brand of metal halide lamps [1] made for general floodlighting, arena floodlighting, shop and commercial and industrial lighting. Hydrargyrum is the Latin name for the element mercury. When heated, mercury vapour is created inside the lamp, and deposited when it cools.
The efficiency advantage is near fourfold, with approximately 85–108 lumens per watt of electricity. Unlike regular incandescent halogen lamps where a halide gas is used to regenerate the filament and keep the evaporated tungsten from darkening the glass, the mercury vapour and the metal halides in HMI lamps are what emit the light.
HID lamps produce different colors of light primarily through the use of various metal additives in the lamp's arc tube and the physics of the gas discharge process. [11] Metal Additives: HID lamps contain an arc tube filled with a mixture of gases, including a noble gas (like xenon). These metal additives are crucial for producing different ...
For example, a high pressure sodium lamp has an arc tube under 100 to 200 torr pressure, about 14% to 28% of atmospheric pressure; some automotive HID headlamps have up to 50 bar or fifty times atmospheric pressure. Metal halide lamps produce almost white light, and attain 100 lumen per watt light output. Applications include indoor lighting of ...
A sticker that is half-red and half-white indicates a pulse start metal halide lamp (PSMH). Green is also used on HPS units in Canada. Gray indicates that the fixture is of an LED type. In addition to being colour-coded, newer NEMA stickers also state the lamp type abbreviation just below the lamp's wattage (e.g. HPS, LED).