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Islamic and Mujédar stucco decoration followed the main types of ornamentation in Islamic art: geometric, arabesque or vegetal, and calligraphic motifs. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] Three-dimensional muqarnas was often also carved in stucco, [ 24 ] [ 7 ] most typically found as transitional elements on vaults, domes, capitals, friezes, and doorways.
Restored historic apartment in the Mouassine Museum, Marrakesh, with examples of carved and painted decoration in wood and stucco. Traditional houses in Morocco are usually centered around a large internal courtyard, the wast ad-dar, and are characterized by a focus on interior decoration rather than on external appearance.
Example of carved stucco with calligraphic decoration in the Bou Inania Madrasa of Fes Close-up of the 12th-century bronze overlays on Bab al-Gna'iz, one of the doorways of the Qarawiyyin Mosque. A very prominent and distinctive element of Moroccan and Moorish architecture is its heavy use of carved stucco for decoration across walls and ceilings.
Panel of stucco decoration from Abbasid Samarra (9th century), Iraq, exemplifying the "beveled" style that employed more abstract motifs. [43] Features from the late Umayyad period, such as vaulting, carved stucco, and painted wall decoration, were continued and elaborated in the Abbasid period. [39]
Mihrab of carved stucco decoration in the Jameh Mosque of Ardestan (circa 1160) [25] While brick decoration favoured geometric motifs, stucco or plaster was also used to cover some surfaces and this material could be carved with a wider range of vegetal and floral motifs . Tilework and color took on increased importance by the late 12th-century ...
Islamic decoration and craftsmanship had a significant influence on Western art when Venetian merchants brought goods of many types back to Italy from the 14th century onwards. [ 59 ] The Dutch artist M. C. Escher was inspired by the Alhambra 's intricate decorative designs to study the mathematics of tessellation , transforming his style and ...