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The first inhabitants were the Britons, who came from Armenia, and first peopled Britain southward" ("Armenia" is a mistaken transcription of Armorica, an area in northwestern Gaul including modern Brittany rather than the geographically distant and ethnolinguistically non Celtic region in the Caucasus).
The first significant written record of Britain and its inhabitants was made by the Greek navigator Pytheas, who explored the coastal region of Britain around 325 BC. However, there may be some additional information on Britain in the Ora Maritima , a text which is now lost but which is incorporated in the writing of the later author Avienius .
The time from Britain's first inhabitation until the Last Glacial Maximum is known as the Old Stone Age, or Palaeolithic era. Archaeological evidence indicates that what was to become England was colonised by humans long before the rest of the British Isles because of its more hospitable climate between and during the various glacial periods of ...
War continued to be a unifying factor for the people of Great Britain: British jingoism re-emerged during the Boer Wars in southern Africa. [118] [119] The experience of military, political and economic power from the rise of the British Empire led to a very specific drive in artistic technique, taste and sensibility for Britishness. [120]
Mesolithic people occupied Britain by around 9,000 BC, and it has been occupied ever since. [1] By 8000 BC temperatures were higher than today, and birch woodlands spread rapidly, [ 2 ] but there was a cold spell around 6,200 BC which lasted about 150 years. [ 3 ]
The earliest human remains found in Britain. [8] c. 478,000 BP Anglian glaciation begins – the most extreme in the Pleistocene. Britain extensively covered by ice. c. 450,000 BP The Weald-Artois Anticline breaks for the first time after a glacial lake outburst flood. This landbridge to the continent was cut for the first time creating the ...
The ancestors of the people who built Stonehenge were Neolithic farmers originating from Anatolia who brought agriculture to Europe. [10] At the time of their arrival, around 4,000 BC, Britain was inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers who were the first inhabitants of the island after the last Ice Age ended about 11,700 years ago. [11]
The first people to be called "English" were the Anglo-Saxons, a group of closely related Germanic tribes that began migrating to eastern and southern Britain, from southern Denmark and northern Germany, in the 5th century AD, after the Romans had withdrawn from Britain. The Anglo-Saxons gave their name to England ("Engla land", meaning "Land ...