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In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
Null character for indicating the end of a null-terminated string. Null pointer for indicating the end of a linked list or a tree . A set most significant bit in a stream of equally spaced data values, for example, a set 8th bit in a stream of 7-bit ASCII characters stored in 8-bit bytes indicating a special property (like inverse video ...
Null object pattern Designed to act as a default value of an object Observer pattern a.k.a. Publish/Subscribe or Event Listener. Objects register to observe an event that may be raised by another object Weak reference pattern De-couple an observer from an observable [2] Protocol stack Communications are handled by multiple layers, which form an ...
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software (1994) is a software engineering book describing software design patterns. ... and null object. Gamma ...
Below are two versions of a subroutine (implemented in the C programming language) for looking up a given search key in a singly linked list.The first one uses the sentinel value NULL, and the second one a (pointer to the) sentinel node Sentinel, as the end-of-list indicator.
There is an earlier paper from Nov. 1997 "[The Null Object Pattern]" by Woolf. An even earlier publication is "[Nil and None considered Null and Void]" published in 1996 (WOON'96, St. Petersburg, Russia). The latter publication uses "Void Value" as the pattern name, but the pattern described is equivalent to "Null Object".
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In a software design pattern view, lazy initialization is often used together with a factory method pattern. This combines three ideas: Using a factory method to create instances of a class (factory method pattern) Storing the instances in a map, and returning the same instance to each request for an instance with same parameters (multiton pattern)