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A magnetic field is applied to the metering tube, which results in a potential difference proportional to the flow velocity perpendicular to the flux lines. The physical principle at work is electromagnetic induction. The magnetic flow meter requires a conducting fluid, for example, water that contains ions, and an electrical insulating pipe ...
A more complex example of a P&ID. A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes.
Sonar flowmeters have the capacity of measuring the velocity of liquids or gases non-intrusively within the pipe and then leverage this velocity measurement into a flow rate by using the cross-sectional area of the pipe and the line pressure and temperature. The principle behind this flow measurement is the use of underwater acoustics.
SPFM – single-phase flow meter; SPH – SPH log [clarification needed] SPHL – self-propelled hyperbaric lifeboats; SPM – side pocket mandrel; SPM – strokes per minute (of a positive-displacement pump [citation needed]) spm – shots per meter (perforation density [citation needed]) SPMT – self-propelled modular transporter
A velocity-type meter measures the velocity of flow through a meter of known internal capacity. The speed of the flow can then be converted into a volume of flow to determine the usage. There are several types of meters that measure water flow velocity, including jet meters (single-jet and multi-jet), turbine meters, propeller meters and mag ...
Symbol Meaning SI Units of Measure Electric field volts per meter Magnetic field amperes per meter Electric displacement coulombs per square meter Magnetic flux density: teslas or webers per square meter