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If none of its prime factors are repeated, it is called squarefree. (All prime numbers and 1 are squarefree.) For example, 72 = 2 3 × 3 2, all the prime factors are repeated, so 72 is a powerful number. 42 = 2 × 3 × 7, none of the prime factors are repeated, so 42 is squarefree. Euler diagram of numbers under 100:
In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.
Let Δ be a negative integer with Δ = −dn, where d is a multiplier and Δ is the negative discriminant of some quadratic form. Take the t first primes p 1 = 2, p 2 = 3, p 3 = 5, ..., p t, for some t ∈ N. Let f q be a random prime form of G Δ with ( Δ / q ) = 1. Find a generating set X of G Δ.
Now the product of the factors a − mb mod n can be obtained as a square in two ways—one for each homomorphism. Thus, one can find two numbers x and y, with x 2 − y 2 divisible by n and again with probability at least one half we get a factor of n by finding the greatest common divisor of n and x − y.
Negative numbers: Real numbers that are less than zero. Because zero itself has no sign, neither the positive numbers nor the negative numbers include zero. When zero is a possibility, the following terms are often used: Non-negative numbers: Real numbers that are greater than or equal to zero. Thus a non-negative number is either zero or positive.
For n ≥ 2, a(n) is the prime that is finally reached when you start with n, concatenate its prime factors (A037276) and repeat until a prime is reached; a(n) = −1 if no prime is ever reached. A037274
For example, there are six divisors of 4; they are 1, 2, 4, −1, −2, and −4, but only the positive ones (1, 2, and 4) would usually be mentioned. 1 and −1 divide (are divisors of) every integer. Every integer (and its negation) is a divisor of itself. Integers divisible by 2 are called even, and integers not divisible by 2 are called odd.
For example, 6 is highly composite because d(6)=4 and d(n)=1,2,2,3,2 for n=1,2,3,4,5 respectively. A related concept is that of a largely composite number , a positive integer that has at least as many divisors as all smaller positive integers.