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Interferons (IFNs, / ˌ ɪ n t ər ˈ f ɪər ɒ n / IN-tər-FEER-on [1]) are a group of signaling proteins [2] made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. [5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. [6]
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a rare type of immune cell that are known to secrete large quantities of type 1 interferon (IFNs) in response to a viral infection. [1] They circulate in the blood and are found in peripheral lymphoid organs .
The T h cells receiving both signals of activation and proliferation will then become T h 0 (T helper 0) cells that secrete IL-2, IL-4 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The T h 0 cells will then differentiate into T h 1 or T h 2 cells depending on cytokine environment. IFN-γ drives T h 1 cell production while IL-10 and IL-4 inhibit T h 1 cell ...
Additionally, interferon gamma secreted by these cells seems to be important in downregulating tight junctions in the epithelial barrier. [5] CD8 + T C 1 Cells. These cells generally produce interferon gamma. Interferon gamma and IL-12 promote differentiation toward T C 1 cells. T-bet activation is required for both interferon gamma and ...
Interferon-beta. Supplementing with ... Prevents skin cells from building up and reduces inflammation, ... Most acne treatments typically take at least a few weeks to show results, and some may ...
n/a Ensembl ENSG00000197919 n/a UniProt P01562 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_024013 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_076918 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 21.44 – 21.44 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Interferon alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA1 gene. Leukocyte interferon is produced predominantly by B lymphocytes. Immune interferon (IFN-gamma ; MIM 147570) is produced ...