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Doxylamine and other first-generation antihistamines are the most widely used sleep medications in the world. [6] Typical side effects of doxylamine (at recommended doses) include dizziness, drowsiness, grogginess, and dry mouth, among others. [7] [4] As an antihistamine, doxylamine is an inverse agonist of the histamine H 1 receptor.
Other common side effects for all generations include gastrointestinal side effects, headaches and tiredness. [9] Antihistamines are generally safe to use during pregnancy with second-generation antihistamines being more preferred due to their lack of sedation. [10]
The most common adverse effect is sedation; this "side-effect" is utilized in many OTC sleeping-aid preparations. Other common adverse effects in first-generation H 1 -antihistamines include dizziness, tinnitus , blurred vision, euphoria , incoordination, anxiety , increased appetite leading to weight gain , insomnia , tremor, nausea and ...
Clinically, H 1-antihistamines are used to treat allergic reactions and mast cell-related disorders. Sedation is a common side effect of H 1-antihistamines that readily cross the blood–brain barrier; some of these drugs, such as diphenhydramine and doxylamine, may therefore be used to treat insomnia.
Some antihistamines have a calming effect, making them an effective option for mild to moderate anxiety. They can also help to promote sleep — a common difficulty for people with anxiety.
Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9] It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [8]