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The syndrome presents with hematuria (blood in the urine) and flank (a region of the lower back beneath the ribs and above the ilium) pain which can result from a number of causes. Nonglomerular causes of bleeding (e.g., urinary infection, tumor, or nephrolithiasis) must be excluded.
Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
Most patients have been reported to have gross or microscopic hematuria. [8] Significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and proteinuria may also be observed. [7] Renal angiography is still the gold standard, but CT renal angiography, CT angiography, and DMSA radioisotope scan can also be used to establish the diagnosis. [4]
Hematuria (one of the symptoms of Nephritic syndrome Historically, nephritic syndrome has been characterized by blood in the urine ( hematuria ), high blood pressure ( hypertension ), decreased urine output <400 ml/day ( oliguria ), red blood cell casts , pyuria , and mild to moderate proteinuria .
Frank hematuria and loin pain should prompt a search for another cause, such as kidney stones or loin pain-hematuria syndrome. Also, there are no systemic manifestations, so presence of hearing impairment or visual impairment should prompt a search for hereditary nephritis such as Alport syndrome. [citation needed]
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also known as Berger's disease (/ b ɛər ˈ ʒ eɪ /) (and variations), or synpharyngitic glomerulonephritis, is a disease of the kidney (or nephropathy) and the immune system; specifically it is a form of glomerulonephritis or an inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.
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Hematuria — blood in the urine from urinary bleeding; Gynecologic Vaginal bleeding. Postpartum hemorrhage; Breakthrough bleeding; Ovarian bleeding — This is a potentially catastrophic and not so rare complication among lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval. [5] Anus Melena — upper ...