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Theca lutein cyst is a type of bilateral functional ovarian cyst filled with clear, straw-colored fluid. These cysts result from exaggerated physiological stimulation (hyperreactio luteinalis) due to elevated levels of beta- human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) or hypersensitivity to beta-hCG.
This type can form when ovulation doesn't occur, and a follicle doesn't rupture or release its egg but instead grows until it becomes a cyst, or when a mature follicle involutes (collapses on itself). It usually forms during ovulation, and can grow to about 7 cm in diameter.
Ovarian cysts may be classified according to whether they are a variant of the normal menstrual cycle, referred to as a functional or follicular cyst. [6] Ovarian cysts are considered large when they are over 5 cm and giant when they are over 15 cm. In children, ovarian cysts reaching above the level of the umbilicus are considered giant.
Hyperthecosis, or ovarian hyperthecosis, is hyperplasia of the theca interna of the ovary. [1] Hyperthecosis occurs when an area of luteinization occurs along with stromal hyperplasia. The luteinized cells produce androgens , which may lead to hirsutism and virilization (or masculinization) in affected women.
A corpus luteum cyst or luteal cyst is a type of ovarian cyst which may rupture about the time of menstruation, and take up to three months to disappear entirely. A corpus luteum cyst does not often occur in women over the age of 50, because eggs are no longer being released after menopause. Corpus luteum cysts may contain blood and other fluids.
The granulosa lutein cells do have aromatase, and use it to produce estrogens, using the androgens previously synthesized by the theca lutein cells, as the granulosa lutein cells in themselves do not have the 17α-hydroxylase or 17,20 lyase to produce androgens. [5] Once the corpus luteum regresses the remnant is known as corpus albicans. [12]
Follicular cyst of ovary: Can occur after menopause, or during childbearing years [36] Theca lutein cyst: Normally occurs postpartum [37] Chocolate cyst: Presence of this type of cyst is an indicator of endometriosis [38] Ovarian germ cell tumors: Benign [39] Dysgerminoma: Typically occurs in young women between the ages of 10–30 years of age ...
OHSS has been characterized by the presence of multiple luteinized cysts within the ovaries leading to ovarian enlargement and secondary complications, but that definition includes almost all women undergoing ovarian stimulation. The central feature of clinically significant OHSS is the development of vascular hyperpermeability and the ...