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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. [1]
Thrombolysis is typically performed prior to first rib resection for venous thoracic outlet syndrome. First rib resection is indicated for venous , arterial , and neurogenic TOS. [ 1 ] In all cases, the goal of the operation is to increase the dynamic space between the chest wall and the clavicle , through which the subclavian vein, artery, and ...
Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) is a condition related to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) that results from the pectoralis minor muscle being too tight. [1] PMS results from the brachial plexus being compressed under the pectoralis minor [2] while TOS involves compression of the bundle above the clavicle. In most patients, the nerves are ...
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It may develop as a sequela of thoracic outlet syndrome. It is differentiated from secondary causes of upper extremity thrombosis caused by intravascular catheters . [ 4 ] Paget–Schroetter syndrome was described once for a viola player who suddenly increased practice time 10-fold, creating enough repetitive pressure against the ...
Common symptoms include a productive cough, wheezing, mild chest discomfort, and fatigue. [18] Pulmonary embolism: Common signs and symptoms are shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, blood in sputum during cough, and lower limb swelling. Risk factors includes: recent surgery, cancer, and bedridden state.
[7] [8] [10] However, they vary widely in size and shape, [7] and in rare cases, they may cause problems such as contributing to thoracic outlet syndrome, [11] because of pressure on the nerves that may be caused by the presence of the rib. [11] [13] A cervical rib represents a persistent ossification of the C7 lateral costal element.
The superior thoracic aperture, also known as the thoracic outlet, or thoracic inlet refers to the opening at the top of the thoracic cavity. [1] It is also clinically referred to as the thoracic outlet, in the case of thoracic outlet syndrome. A lower thoracic opening is the inferior thoracic aperture.