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In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in plaque on the teeth . This process of precipitation kills the bacterial cells within dental plaque, but the rough and hardened surface that is formed provides an ideal surface for ...
Supragingival biofilm is dental plaque that forms above the gums, and is the first kind of plaque to form after the brushing of the teeth. It commonly forms in between the teeth, in the pits and grooves of the teeth and along the gums. It is made up of mostly aerobic bacteria, meaning these bacteria need oxygen to survive.
In dentistry, debridement refers to the removal by dental cleaning of accumulations of plaque and calculus (tartar) in order to maintain dental health. [1] Debridement may be performed using ultrasonic instruments, which fracture the calculus, thereby facilitating its removal, as well as hand tools, including periodontal scaler and curettes, or through the use of chemicals such as hydrogen ...
Plaque is a biofilm consisting of large quantities of various bacteria that form on teeth. [40] If not removed regularly, plaque buildup can lead to periodontal problems such as gingivitis . Given time, plaque can mineralize along the gingiva, forming tartar .
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
When a tooth has very deep periodontal pockets it may not be possible to fully remove the dental plaque/tartar/calculus from the tooth's root surface with scaling alone. In open flap debridement (OFD) the gum is peeled back to make it possible for the dentist to see and ensure full removal of tartar/calculus from these difficult to access areas ...
The name is a combination of two Greek words, meaning "beautifier" and "disease preventer". [83] Numerous attempts to produce the toothpaste by pharmacists in Europe proved uneconomic. After returning to the US, he continued experimenting with Harry Ward Foote (1875–1942), professor of chemistry at Sheffield Chemical Laboratory of Yale ...
Poor oral hygiene: as plaque is the only aetiological factor for periodontal disease, [30] [page needed] poor oral hygiene is the most prominent risk factor in initiating, progressing and determining severity of disease. Performing brushing and interdental cleaning is perhaps one of the most effective ways at removing dental plaque biofilm and ...