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Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. [5] This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. [5] [6] While sometimes used for nocturnal leg cramps, quinine is not recommended for this purpose due to the risk of serious side effects. [5]
The quinine in tonic water will fluoresce under ultraviolet light. In fact, quinine will visibly fluoresce in direct sunlight against a dark background. [19] The quinine molecules release energy as light instead of heat, which is more common. The state is not stable, and the molecules will eventually return to a ground state and no longer glow ...
Quinidine also inhibits the transport protein P-glycoprotein and so can cause some peripherally acting drugs such as loperamide to have central nervous system side effects, such as respiratory depression, if the two drugs are coadministered. [11]
Concomitant use with drugs containing quinidine, quinine, or mefloquine; Concomitant use with drugs that both prolong the QT interval and are metabolized by CYP2D6 (e.g., thioridazine, pimozide); effects on QT interval may be increased; Concomitant use with MAOIs or use of MAOIs within 14 days; risk of serious, potentially fatal, drug ...
Additionally, there are significant side effects with quinine ('cinchonism') and tetracyclines are contraindicated in children and pregnant women (these groups should use clindamycin instead). With the advent of artemisinin-combination therapies, quinine-based treatment is less popular than previously.
Among the quinoline alkaloids are the cinchona alkaloids quinine and quinidine, which are important due to their therapeutic potential, furthermore cinchonine and cinchonidine, as well as some furoquinoline alkaloids and acridine alkaloids.
A novel aspect of PQQ is its biosynthesis in bacteria from a ribosomally translated precursor peptide, PqqA (UniProt 7]A glutamic acid and a tyrosine in PqqA are cross-linked by the radical SAM enzyme PqqE with the help of PqqD in the first step of PqqA modification. [8]
Cinchonism is a pathological condition caused by an overdose of quinine or its natural source, cinchona bark. Quinine and its derivatives are used medically to treat malaria and lupus erythematosus. In much smaller amounts, quinine is an ingredient of tonic drinks, acting as a bittering agent. Cinchonism can occur from therapeutic doses of ...