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The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state [1] with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848. Each canton has its own constitution, legislature, government and courts. [2]
In German-speaking Switzerland, Ticino is nicknamed Sonnenstube (sun porch), owing to the more than 2,300 sunshine hours the canton receives every year, compared to 1,700 for Zurich. [22] The canton can experience particularly heavy storms and rainfalls in summer. It is the region of Switzerland with the highest level of lightning discharge. [23]
This is a list of NUTS2 statistical regions of Switzerland by Human Development Index as of 2024 with data for the year 2022. In the same year the Zurich Region had the highest HDI score out of 1790 sub-national regions of the world.
The geography of Switzerland features a mountainous and landlocked country located in Western and Central Europe. Switzerland's natural landscape is marked by its numerous lakes and mountains. It is surrounded by five countries: Austria and Liechtenstein to the east, France to the west, Italy to the south and Germany to the north. Switzerland ...
Districts of Switzerland are a political subdivision for cantons. In the federally constituted Switzerland , each canton is completely free to decide its own internal organisation. Therefore, there exists a variety of structures and terminology for the subnational entities between canton and municipality , loosely termed districts .
For administrative purposes Switzerland is divided into cantons, sometimes districts and municipalities. There are also various non-administrative regions based on physical geography, culture or history.
The 26 cantons of Switzerland [note 1] are the member states of the Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the Waldstätte .
Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as an intermediary between other states. [104] Switzerland is not a member of the European Union; the Swiss people have consistently rejected membership since the early 1990s. [104] However, Switzerland does participate in the Schengen Area. [108]