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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. [ 5 ]
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes P05-P08 within Chapter XVI: Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period should be included in this category. Pages in category "Disorders related to length of gestation and fetal growth"
If small for gestational age babies have been the subject of intrauterine growth restriction, formerly known as intrauterine growth retardation, [5] the term "SGA associated with intrauterine growth restriction" is used. Intrauterine growth restriction refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined ...
Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord , placental infarction , maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes ) [ 1 ] and maternal smoking .
Specific chromosomes: The influence of CPM on fetal growth is chromosome specific. Certain chromosomes carry imprinted genes involved in growth or placental function, which may contribute to impaired pregnancy progress when CPM is detected. [7] Different chromosomes are observed at different frequencies depending on the type of CPM observed. [2]
Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia, placental abruptions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). [3] These factors are known to be the primary pathophysiology cause placental disease. Which is considered to be associated with more than half of premature births. [4]
It is characterized by changes in fetal movement, growth, heart rate, and presence of meconium stained fluid. [4] Risk factors for fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal status include anemia, restriction of fetal growth, maternal hypertension or cardiovascular disease, low amniotic fluid or meconium in the amniotic fluid, or a post-term pregnancy.
Sonographic evaluation of the fetus is done to identify fetal anomalies, aneuploidy, fetal growth restriction, or placental abnormalities. The National Institute of Health recommends detailed documentation of certain fetal organs that are most likely to be involved such as the kidneys, bladder, and the umbilical cord.