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African. Muti; Southern Africa; Ayurveda. Dosha; MVAH; Balneotherapy; Brazilian; Bush medicine; Cambodian; Chinese. Blood stasis; Chinese herbology; Dit da; Gua sha ...
In the Latin names for plants created by Linnaeus, the word officinalis indicates that a plant was used in this way. For example, the marsh mallow has the classification Althaea officinalis, as it was traditionally used as an emollient to soothe ulcers. [2] Pharmacognosy is the study of plant sources of phytochemicals.
Nootropics (/ n oʊ. ə ˈ t r oʊ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROHP-iks or / n oʊ. ə ˈ t r ɒ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROP-iks), [1] colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.
A class of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol are the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, for example atorvastatin. These were developed from mevastatin, a polyketide produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum. [110] Finally, a number natural product drugs are used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...
In China, Japan, India, and Germany, there is a great deal of interest in and support for the search for new drugs from higher plants. [4] For example, the Herbalome Project was launched in China in 2008 and aims to use high throughput sequencing and toxicity testing to identify active components in traditional herbal remedies. [12]
Pharmacology – Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, [50] where a drug can be broadly defined as any human-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the ...
Specialty drugs, a recent classification of pharmaceuticals, are high-cost drugs that are often biologics. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The European Medicines Agency uses the term advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) for medicines for human use that are "based on genes, cells, or tissue engineering", [ 10 ] including gene therapy medicines, somatic ...