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Polystyrene sulfonates release sodium or calcium ions in the stomach in exchange for hydrogen ions. When the resin reaches the large intestine the hydrogen ions are exchanged for free potassium ions, and the resin is then eliminated in the feces.
Gelatin, here in sheets for cooking, is a hydrogel. Peptide hydrogel formation shown by the inverted vial method. A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous and permeable solids and at least 10% of water or other interstitial fluid.
Superabsorbent polymer powder. A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers [1] that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass.
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel.A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation.
An upturned vial of hair gel Silica gel. A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. [1] [2] Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.
Hydrogel dressing is a medical dressing based on hydrogels, three-dimensional hydrophilic structure. [1] The insoluble hydrophilic structures absorb polar wound exudates and allow oxygen diffusion at the wound bed to accelerate healing. [ 2 ]
Orlistat (Xenical), the most commonly used medication to treat obesity and sibutramine (Meridia), a medication that was withdrawn due to cardiovascular side effects. Anti-obesity medication or weight loss medications are pharmacological agents that reduce or control excess body fat.
Carbonated soda treatment of phytobezoars is the use of carbonated soda to try to dissolve a phytobezoar. Bezoars consist of a solid and formed mass trapped in the gastrointestinal system, usually in the stomach. [1] [2] [3] These can also form in other locations. [4] [5] Carbonated soda has been proposed for the treatment of gastric phytobezoars.