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The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans (PVA), is a cutaneous condition (skin disease) characterized by hypo- or hyperpigmentation (diminished or heightened skin pigmentation, respectively), telangiectasia and skin atrophy. [3] [4] [5] Other names for the condition include prereticulotic poikiloderma and atrophic parapsoriasis. [6]
Fissure is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep. [29] [33] Induration is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer. [29] Atrophy refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous. [30] With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled. [29]
In pathology, a contracture is a shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues that causes the joints to shorten and become very stiff, preventing normal movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A contracture is usually permanent, but less commonly can be temporary (such as in McArdle disease ), [ 3 ] or resolve over time but reoccur later in life ...
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself.
Other skin changes can include swelling, stiffness, or cold temperature. [9] Pulselessness: A lack of pulse rarely occurs in patients, as pressures that cause compartment syndrome are often lower than arterial pressures. [5] Absent pulses occur only with arterial injury or late-stage compartment syndrome, when pressures are very high. [5]
Relative incidence of cutaneous cysts, where epidermoid cysts constitute a plurality (blue area). An epidermoid cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst [1] is a benign cyst usually found on the skin. The cyst develops out of ectodermal tissue. Histologically, it is made of a thin layer of squamous epithelium.
Cutaneous columnar cysts are a cutaneous condition, a group of different cysts lined by columnar epithelium. [1]: 682 Types of cysts included in this group are: [1]: 682–3 Bronchogenic cyst; Branchial cyst; Thyroglossal duct cyst; Cutaneous ciliated cyst; Median raphe cyst