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Demodicosis / ˌ d ɛ m ə d ə ˈ k oʊ s ɪ s /, also called Demodex folliculitis in humans [1] and demodectic mange (/ d ɛ m ə ˈ d ɛ k t ɪ k /) or red mange in animals, is caused by a sensitivity to and overpopulation of Demodex spp. as the host's immune system is unable to keep the mites under control. Demodex is a genus of mite in the ...
Demodex / ˈ d ɛ m ə d ɛ k s / is a genus of tiny mites that live in or near hair follicles of mammals. Around 65 species of Demodex are known. [ 2 ] Two species live on humans : Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis , both frequently referred to as eyelash mites , alternatively face mites or skin mites .
Demodex folliculorum is a microscopic mite that can survive only on the skin of humans. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Most people have D. folliculorum on their skin. Usually, the mites do not cause any harm, so are considered an example of commensalism rather than parasitism ; [ 4 ] but they can cause disease, known as demodicosis .
Demodex mites, which are common cause of mange in dogs and other domesticated animals, [49] have also been implicated in the human skin disease rosacea, although the mechanism by which demodex contributes to the disease is unclear. [55] Ticks are well known for carrying diseases, such as Lyme disease [56] and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. [57]
The individual mites remain external to the epidermis within the follicle, but appear to be within the skin because they are below the general outer surface of the host. The mite Demodex canis is a common cause of demodicosis in dogs. Demodex mites are microscopic, cigar-shaped and have very short legs. These mites seem to feed on epidermal cells.
Demodex brevis is one of the two species of face mite that inhabit humans (the other being Demodex folliculorum). They are about half as long, at 0.15 to 0.2 mm (6 to 8 thousandths of an inch), [1] as D. folliculorum, but otherwise have few differences. Most of the article on Demodex folliculorum applies equally to D. brevis.
Demodecidae is a family of parasitic and commensal mites, living on various species of mammals.Each species of mite is usually only found on a single mammal species, whereas a mammal species can have several different species of demodecid mites living on it. [2]
There are several complications with the terminology: Acariasis is a term for a rash, caused by mites, sometimes with a papillae (pruritic dermatitis) or papule (papular urticaria), and usually accompanied by a hive and severe itching sensations.