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Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS), previously known as Spike's disease, is a hereditary dog disease initially found in Border Terriers and has since been documented in many other dog breeds including Labrador Retrievers and Chihuahuas, with similarities to canine epilepsy. Its cause is unknown. [1]
Rage syndrome is a rare seizure disorder in dogs, characterized by explosive aggression. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is frequently confused with idiopathic aggression , a term for aggression with no identifiable cause.
Patients usually present first with seizures within the first months of life, followed by infantile spasms which progress to epileptic seizures that are largely refractory to treatment. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Development of gross motor skills , such as sitting, standing, and walking, is severely delayed, along with restricted fine motor skills . [ 4 ]
Seizures typically develop within the first two years of life and occur in 75-100% of patients. [50] [41] Onset of seizures occur in 95% by the age of 5 years. [51] Status epilepticus occurs in approximately 50% of patients. [52] Approximately 25% of patients develop drug-resistant epilepsy. [53]
Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is a disease in dogs causing sudden blindness. It can occur in any breed, but female dogs may be predisposed. [ 1 ] Approximately 4000 cases are seen in the United States annually.
According to the American Kennel Club's Canine Health Foundation, "beagles with Musladin-Leuke syndrome are born with several defects characterized by short outer toes on the front and sometimes all four feet, high set creased ears on a flat skull with extra cartilage in them, slant narrowed eyes, and very thick tight skin with little scruff."
For example, a Beagle (average life expectancy 13.3 years) usually lives to around 12–15 years, and a Scottish Terrier (average life expectancy 12 years) usually lives to around 10–16 years. The longest living verified dog is Bluey , an Australian Cattle Dog who died at 29 years.
Kleefstra syndrome affects males and females equally and approximately 75% of all documented cases are caused by Eu-HMTase1 disruptions while only 25% are caused by 9q34.3 deletions. [3] There are no statistics on the effect the disease has on life expectancy due to the lack of information available. [3]