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A phenomenon (pl.: phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. [1] The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant , who contrasted it with the noumenon , which cannot be directly observed.
Thus, it is possible to universalize phenomena of subjective experience on an empirical scientific basis. [73] In the early twenty-first century, phenomenology has increasingly engaged with cognitive science and philosophy of mind. Some approaches to the naturalization of phenomenology reduce consciousness to the physical-neuronal level and are ...
In philosophy, a noumenon (/ ˈ n uː m ə n ɒ n /, / ˈ n aʊ-/; from Ancient Greek: νοούμενoν; pl.: noumena) is knowledge [1] posited as an object that exists independently of human sense. [2] The term noumenon is generally used in contrast with, or in relation to, the term phenomenon, which refers to any object of the senses.
Phenomenology grew out of this conception of phenomena and studies the meaning of isolated phenomena as directly connected to our minds. According to The Columbia Encyclopedia, "Modern philosophers have used 'phenomenon' to designate what is apprehended before judgment is applied." [4] This may not be possible if observation is theory-laden.
Existential phenomenology encompasses a wide range of thinkers who take up the view that philosophy must begin from experience like phenomenology, but argues for the temporality of personal existence as the framework for analysis of the human condition. [1]
The Phenomenology of Spirit (German: Phänomenologie des Geistes) is the most widely discussed philosophical work of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; its German title can be translated as either The Phenomenology of Spirit or The Phenomenology of Mind.
Phenomenology (physics), the study of phenomena and branch of physics that deals with the application of theory to experiments; Phenomenology (psychology), the study within psychology of subjective experiences; Phenomenological quantum gravity, is the research field that deals with phenomenology of quantum gravity
Secondary phenomenon that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon An epiphenomenon (plural: epiphenomena) is a secondary phenomenon that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon. The word has two senses: one that connotes known causation and one that connotes absence of causation or reservation of judgment about it. Examples Metaphysics In the philosophy of ...