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Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spreading from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; [1] the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. [2] The newly pathological sites, then, are metastases (mets).
Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes. There is no cure for metastatic breast cancer; [1] there is no stage after IV.
The typical steps in metastasis are local invasion, intravasation into the blood or lymph, circulation through the body, extravasation into the new tissue, proliferation and angiogenesis. Different types of cancers tend to metastasize to particular organs, but overall the most common places for metastases to occur are the lungs , liver , brain ...
Lymph node metastasis is the spread of cancer cells into a lymph node.. Lymph node metastasis is different from malignant lymphoma.Lymphoma is a cancer of lymph node, rather than cancer in the lymph node, because lymphoma originates from the lymph node itself, instead of originating elsewhere (e.g., the breast or colon) and spreading to the lymph nodes.
Cancer cells are cells that divide continually, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood or lymph with abnormal cells.Cell division is a normal process used by the body for growth and repair.
This step is important in the metastatic journey as it enables tumor cells to leave their original site and circulate through the body. pro- angiogenic factors like VEGF, [21] along with interactions between cancer calls and the vessel walls, make it easier for tumor cells to penetrate into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. By gaining access ...
Numbers 0 and 1, with subgroups, describe the metastasis status: [2] M0: No evidence of distant metastasis; M1a: Spread to 1 other part of the body beyond the colon, rectum or regional lymph nodes. M1b: Spread to more than 1 part of the body other than the colon, rectum or regional lymph nodes. M1c: Spread to the peritoneal surface.
CNS metastasis is the spread and proliferation of cancer cells from their original tumour to form secondary tumours in portions of the central nervous system. [ 1 ] The process of tumour cells invading distant tissue is complex and obscure, but modern technology has permitted an enhanced detection of metastasis .