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29 May – Charles II is crowned King of England, Scotland and Ireland. [1] 21 December – Mercurius Caledonius established in Edinburgh, the first example of a newspaper in Scotland, running until 1661. [3] 1661: January – An independent Parliament of Scotland is restored; it is called the "Drunken Parliament" by John Welsh of Irongray. [4]
2 April – Anglo-Spanish War: King Philip IV of Spain signs a treaty with the exiled Charles II of England for the reconquest of England. [1]May – first performance of The Siege of Rhodes, Part I, by Sir William Davenant (with music by Henry Lawes, Matthew Locke, Captain Cooke and others) the first English opera (under the guise of a recitative), in a private theatre at his home, Rutland ...
James VI and I (James Stuart) (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625), King of Scotland, King of England and King of Ireland, faced many complicated religious challenges during his reigns in Scotland and England. In Scotland, he inherited a reformed church, the Kirk, which was attempting to rid the country of bishops, dioceses, and parishes and ...
Scottish religion in the seventeenth century includes all forms of religious organisation and belief in the Kingdom of Scotland in the seventeenth century. The 16th century Reformation created a Church of Scotland , popularly known as the kirk, predominantly Calvinist in doctrine and Presbyterian in structure, to which James VI added a layer of ...
Scotland under the Commonwealth is the history of the Kingdom of Scotland between the declaration that the kingdom was part of the Commonwealth of England in February 1652, and the Restoration of the monarchy with Scotland regaining its position as an independent kingdom, in June 1660.
The Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652), also known as the Third Civil War, was the final conflict in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between shifting alliances of religious and political factions in England, Scotland and Ireland.
Since 1649 until the Protectorate, England, Ireland and later Scotland had been governed as a republic by the Council of State and the Rump Parliament.The Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth, which established England, together with "all the Dominions and Territoryes thereunto belonging", as a republic, had been passed on 19 May 1649, following the trial and execution of Charles I in ...
Attempts by Charles I to impose religious reforms on the Church of Scotland culminated in the 1639 and 1640 Bishops' Wars. [1] His defeat led to the establishment of a Covenanter government in Scotland, and forced Charles to recall the Parliament of England in November 1640.