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  2. Mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics

    Analysis is further subdivided into real analysis, where variables represent real numbers, and complex analysis, where variables represent complex numbers. Analysis includes many subareas shared by other areas of mathematics which include: [14] Multivariable calculus; Functional analysis, where variables represent varying functions

  3. Problem solving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving

    The sequence OTTFF is the first letters of the numbers: one, two, three, four, five. The next five elements of the series are SSENT (six, seven, eight, nine, ten). Some of the students solved the puzzle by reflecting on their dreams. One example was a student who reported the following dream: [56] [page needed]

  4. Birthday problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem

    The birthday problem in this more generic sense applies to hash functions: the expected number of N-bit hashes that can be generated before getting a collision is not 2 N, but rather only 2 N ⁄ 2. This is exploited by birthday attacks on cryptographic hash functions and is the reason why a small number of collisions in a hash table are, for ...

  5. Pareto principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle

    The Pareto principle may apply to fundraising, i.e. 20% of the donors contributing towards 80% of the total. The Pareto principle (also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity [1] [2]) states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the "vital few").

  6. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.

  7. Unemployment in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United...

    The unemployment rate (U-3), measured as the number of persons unemployed divided by the civilian labor force, rose from 5.0% in December 2007 to peak at 10.0% in October 2009, before steadily falling to 4.7% by December 2016 and then to 3.5% by December 2019. [40] By August 2023, it reached 3.8 percent. [41]

  8. Psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

    [300] [301] In response to concerns about publication bias and data dredging (conducting a large number of statistical tests on a great many variables but restricting reporting to the results that were statistically significant), 295 psychology and medical journals have adopted result-blind peer review where studies are accepted not on the ...

  9. Presidency of Dilma Rousseff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Dilma_Rousseff

    Economic growth in 2011 went from 2.7% to 3.9% and in 2012 and 2013, from 1% and 2.5% to 1.8% and 2.7% respectively. The 2014 GDP, which was released using the new methodology, grew by 0.1%, resulting in an average of 2.2% per year in the first term, the lowest since the Collor government .