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A World War I British P Helmet, c. 1915 Zelinsky–Kummant protivogaz, designed in 1915, was one of the first modern-type full-head protection gas masks with a detachable filter and eyelet glasses, shown here worn by U.S. Army soldier (USAWC photo) Indian muleteers and mule wearing gas masks, France, February 21, 1940 A Polish SzM-41M KF gas mask, used from the 1950s through to the 1980s
The Zelinsky-Kummant gas mask is the world's first gas mask [1] with the ability to absorb a wide range of chemical warfare agents. The gas mask was developed in 1915 by Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky and technologist of the Triangle plant M.I. Kummant. [2] The design was later improved by I. D. Avalov and entered mass production.
The Small Box Respirator (SBR) was a British gas mask of the First World War and a successor to the Large Box Respirator. In late 1916, the respirator was introduced by the British with the aim to provide reliable protection against chlorine and phosgene gases. [1][page needed] The respirator offered a first line of defence against these.
Contents. Chemical weapons in World War I. A French gas attack on German trenches in Flanders, Belgium (1917). The use of toxic chemicals as weapons dates back thousands of years, but the first large-scale use of chemical weapons was during World War I. [ 1 ][ 2 ] They were primarily used to demoralize, injure, and kill entrenched defenders ...
James B. Garner at age 45 around the time he invented the gas mask. Two associates of James Bert Garner wearing his original gas masks. James Bert Garner (September 2, 1870 – November 28, 1960) was an American chemical engineer and professor at the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research from 1914 until his retirement in 1957.
The gas moved east-north-east at 9–12 mph (14–19 km/h) over Wulverghem, Neuve Eglise and Bailleul. Gas concentration on the flanks of the cloud declined rapidly but at Bailleul, 11,000 yd (6.3 mi; 10 km) back from the front line, coughing and vomiting occurred in some cases where people were caught the open.
The design was adopted by the British Army and introduced as the "British Smoke Hood" in June 1915 and manufactured until September 1915. [10] 2.5 million masks were manufactured before being superseded. The helmet was a 50.5 cm × 48 cm (19.9 in × 18.9 in) canvas hood treated with chlorine-absorbing chemicals, fitted with a single rectangular ...
Edward Harrison (chemist) Lt-Col Edward Frank Harrison C.M.G. (1869–1918) was an English chemical scientist, credited with the invention of the first serviceable gas mask during the First World War. Born in Camberwell, [1] Harrison, at the age of 14, was apprenticed to a pharmacist, at the end of which he was awarded the Royal Pharmaceutical ...