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Less skilled or motivated employees would require a style that is more controlling and fosters consistent supervision to ensure productivity. Highly motivated or skilled employees require less supervision and direction as they are typically more technically skilled than management and have the ability, and desire, to make more autonomous decisions.
Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence". [1]
High-commitment management is a management style that aims to emphasize the personal responsibility, independence, and empowerment of employees at all levels of an organization, rather than focusing on higher-level authority figures. It aims to maintain high levels of commitment by preserving the initiative among management personnel.
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology.At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. [8]
Management believes employees' work is based on their own self-interest. [6] Managers who believe employees operate in this manner are more likely to use rewards or punishments as motivation. [ 6 ] Due to these assumptions, Theory X concludes the typical workforce operates more efficiently under a hands-on approach to management.
The track of scientific research around employee recognition and motivation was constructed on the foundation of early theories of behavioral science and psychology. [3] The earliest scientific papers on employee recognition have tended to draw upon a combination of needs-based motivation (for example, Hertzberg 1966; Maslow 1943) theories and reinforcement theory (Mainly Pavlov 1902; B.F ...
Management plays an important role in an employee's job satisfaction and happiness. [50] Good leadership can empower employees to work better towards reaching the organisation's goals. [ 51 ] For example, if a leader is considerate, the employees will tend to develop a positive attitude towards management and thus, work more effectively.
Here, motivation is seen as key to keeping employees highly productive. This includes employee benefits, performance appraisals, and rewards. Employee benefits, appraisals, and rewards are all encouragements to bring forward the best employees. Maintenance: involves keeping the employees' commitment and loyalty to the organization.