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The greatest ocean depth measured is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 10,994 m (36,070 ft) below sea level. Oceanic trenches are a feature of the Earth's distinctive plate tectonics .
The Mariana Trench is an oceanic trench located in the western Pacific Ocean, about 200 kilometres (124 mi) east of the Mariana Islands; it is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth. It is crescent-shaped and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) in length and 69 km (43 mi) in width.
Its directly measured depth of 10,714 m (35,151 ft) is third only to the Challenger Deep and Horizon Deep, currently the deepest known directly measured places in the ocean. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It lies along the Mariana Trench , 200 kilometers to the east of the Challenger Deep and 145 km south of Guam .
Location Depth Depth Depth 1 Challenger Deep: Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc, Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean 11,034 36,197 6.86 2 Tonga Trench: Pacific Ocean 10,882 35,702 6.76 3 Emden Deep: Philippine Trench, Pacific Ocean 10,545 34,580 6.54 4 Kuril–Kamchatka Trench: Pacific Ocean 10,542 34,449 6.52 5 Kermadec Trench: Pacific Ocean
The Mariana Trench is the deepest known submarine trench, and the deepest location in the Earth's crust itself. [38] It is a subduction zone where the Pacific Plate is being subducted under the Mariana Plate. [3] At the deepest point, the trench is nearly 11,000 m deep (almost 36,000 feet).
The hadal zone, also known as the hadopelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean, lying within oceanic trenches.The hadal zone ranges from around 6 to 11 km (3.7 to 6.8 mi; 20,000 to 36,000 ft) below sea level, and exists in long, narrow, topographic V-shaped depressions.
The Kermadec Trench is one of Earth's deepest oceanic trenches, reaching a depth of 10,047 metres (32,963 ft). [3] Formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Indo-Australian Plate, it runs parallel with and to the east of the Kermadec Ridge and island arc. The Tonga Trench marks the continuation of subduction to the north.
Approximate location of Emden Deep in the Philippine Trench The Emden Deep , also known as the Galathea Deep or Galathea Depth , is the portion of the 10,540-metre-deep (34,580 ft) Philippine Trench exceeding 6,000-metre (20,000 ft) depths in the south-western Pacific Ocean .