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For example, with a 35-week gestational age delivery, a weight of 2,250 g (4 lb 15 oz) is appropriate for gestational age but is still low birth weight. One third of low-birth-weight neonates – infants weighing less than 2,500 g (5 lb 8 oz) – are small for gestational age. [citation needed] There is an 8.1% incidence of low birth weight in ...
For both boys and girls there are two sets of charts: one for infants ages 0 to 36 months and another for ages 2 and above. Children with failure to thrive usually have a weight that is below the 3rd or 5th percentile for their age and a declining growth velocity (meaning they are not gaining weight as expected).
Genetic diseases such as Turner's syndrome, Prader Willi, and Noonan syndrome can be marked by a less than 5th percentile height and weight since birth. [9] [10] [11] Other genetic disorders such as Marfan's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome are typically indicated by a height above the 90th percentile. [12] [13]
Baby weighed as appropriate for gestational age. Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at their birth. [1] The average birth weight in babies of European and African descent is 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb), with the normative range between 2.5 and 4.0 kilograms (5.5 and 8.8 lb). [2]
According to the WHO, a preterm birth is defined as "babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed." [20] According to this classification, there are three sub-categories of preterm birth, based on gestational age: extremely preterm (fewer than 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks), moderate to late preterm (32 to 37 weeks). [20]
A slow growth rate and preterm birth are the two factors that can cause a low birth weight. Low birth weight (below 2000 grams) can slightly increase the likelihood of schizophrenia. [27] The growth rate can be roughly correlated with the fundal height of the uterus which can be estimated by abdominal palpation.
The CDC BMI-for-age growth charts use age-and-gender specific percentiles to define where the child or teenagers stands as compared to the population standard to define overweight and obese categories. [5]
The baby's gestational age (number of completed weeks of pregnancy) at the time of birth and the baby's weight (also a measure of growth) influence whether the baby will survive. Another major factor is gender: male infants have a slightly higher risk of dying than female infants, [ 41 ] for which various explanations have been proposed.