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The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E°), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at: . Temperature 298.15 K (25.00 °C; 77.00 °F); ...
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Acetone/Ethanol [4] P = 760 mm Hg BP Temp. °C % by mole acetone liquid vapor 78.3: 0: 0 76.4: 3.3: 11.1 74.0: 7.8: 21.6 70.8: 14.9: 34.5 ...
The formal potential is thus the reversible potential of an electrode at equilibrium immersed in a solution where reactants and products are at unit concentration. [4] If any small incremental change of potential causes a change in the direction of the reaction, i.e. from reduction to oxidation or vice versa , the system is close to equilibrium ...
Acetone is produced directly or indirectly from propene. Approximately 83% of acetone is produced via the cumene process; [24] as a result, acetone production is tied to phenol production. In the cumene process, benzene is alkylated with propylene to produce cumene, which is oxidized by air to produce phenol and acetone:
In generic terms, electrochemical potential is the mechanical work done in bringing 1 mole of an ion from a standard state to a specified concentration and electrical potential. According to the IUPAC definition, [4] it is the partial molar Gibbs energy of the substance at the specified electric potential, where the substance is in a specified ...
Most of the worldwide production of phenol and acetone is now based on this method. In 2022, nearly 10.8 million tonnes of phenol was produced by the cumene process. [4] In order for this process to be economical, there must also be demand for the acetone by-product as well as the phenol. [5]
Practically, this allows trends to be predicted qualitatively based on visual representations of electrostatic potential maps for a series of arenes. Electrostatic attraction is not the only component of cation–π bonding. For example, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene interacts with cations despite having a negligible quadrupole moment.
Electrostatic potential – The potential, ε p, is defined as the energy of interaction of a positive point charge located at p with the nuclei and electrons of a molecule. A surface for which the electrostatic potential is negative (a negative potential surface) delineates regions in a molecule which are subject to electrophilic attack.