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Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. [1] Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean.
Salinity (/ s ə ˈ l ɪ n ɪ t i /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰ ).
High concentration of salt in the soil has negative effects on plants. For example, it reduces the yield that crop plants can produce in 7% of the land. [ 1 ] On the other side, some plants show adaptations to changes in soil salinity, in that the plant's exposure to salt initiates certain mechanisms for cell osmotic regulation and causes ...
The various effects on these organisms can then indirectly affect the overall freshwater ecosystem by modifying the aquatic community structure and function. [19] As salinity increases within a freshwater ecosystem, often this results in a decrease of biota diversity and richness. [19]
The gross effect of salinity on calcification is largely a positive one, as evidenced by the positive impact of salinity on calcification rates in diverse groups of species. This is likely a result of the increased alkalinity and calcium carbonate saturation states with salinity, which combine to decrease free hydrogen ions and increase free ...
This layer blocks heat transfer from the warmer, deeper levels into the sea ice, which has considerable effect on its thickness. About 150 m (490 ft) of steeply rising salinity and increasing temperature. This is the actual halocline. The deep layer with nearly constant salinity and slowly decreasing temperature. [4]
Many Mediterranean coastal aquifers suffer for seawater intrusion effects. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The consequences of saltwater intrusion for supply wells vary widely, depending on extent of the intrusion, the intended use of the water, and whether the salinity exceeds standards for the intended use.
Salinity is estimated to affect about one third of the earth's arable land. [15] Soil salinity adversely affects crop metabolism and erosion usually follows. Salinity occurs on drylands from overirrigation and in areas with shallow saline water tables.