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Surge Protection Device (SPD) for installation in a low-voltage distribution board. A surge protector (or spike suppressor, surge suppressor, surge diverter, [1] surge protection device (SPD), transient voltage suppressor (TVS) or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS)) is an appliance or device intended to protect electrical devices in alternating current (AC) circuits from voltage spikes ...
[2] [5] The "8/20 μs" generator is designed for surge arrester testing, and produces a high-current surge into a low-impedance load. [2] On the other hand, modern electronic devices can be high and low-impedance loads simultaneously due to non-linear devices, protection circuits, and arcing in a dielectric breakdown.
The device operates by shunting excess current when the induced voltage exceeds the avalanche breakdown potential. It is a clamping device, suppressing all overvoltages above its breakdown voltage. It automatically resets when the overvoltage goes away, but absorbs much more of the transient energy internally than a similarly rated crowbar device.
Simplicity: Devices must minimize protection circuitry and equipment. Reliability: Dependability vs Security. There are two aspects of reliable operation of protection systems: dependability and security. [8] Dependability is the ability of the protection system to operate when called upon to remove a faulted element from the power system.
Depending on the level of conducted current, dissipated heat may be insufficient to cause failure, but may degrade the MOV device and reduce its life expectancy. If excessive current is conducted by a MOV, it may fail catastrophically to an open circuit condition, keeping the load connected but now without any surge protection.
Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform.