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The most volatile chemical condense at the top of the column while the least volatile chemicals to vaporize condense in the lowest portion. [1] The difference in volatility between water and ethanol has long been used to produce concentrated alcoholic beverages (many of these are referred to as "liquors"). In order to increase the concentration ...
Relative volatility is a measure comparing the vapor pressures of the components in a liquid mixture of chemicals. This quantity is widely used in designing large industrial distillation processes.
Volatility (chemistry), a measuring tendency of a substance or liquid to vaporize easily Volatile organic compounds, organic or carbon compounds that can evaporate at normal temperature and pressure Volatile anaesthetics, a class of anaesthetics which evaporate or vaporize easily
Non-water solvents Hydrogen fluoride-based life Hydrogen fluoride has been considered as a possible solvent for life by scientists such as Peter Sneath. [citation needed] Hydrogen sulfide biochemistry Non-water solvents Hydrogen sulfide-based life Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical analog of water, but is less polar and a weaker inorganic solvent.
Total dissolved solids include both volatile and non-volatile solids. Volatile solids are ones that can easily go from a solid to a gaseous state. Non-volatile solids must be heated to a high temperature, typically 550 °C, in order to achieve this state change. Examples of non-volatile substances include salts and sugars. [3]
In terms of chemical potential, at the boiling point, the liquid and gas phases have the same chemical potential. Adding a nonvolatile solute lowers the solvent’s chemical potential in the liquid phase, but the gas phase remains unaffected. This shifts the equilibrium between phases to a higher temperature, elevating the boiling point.
Steam distillation is a separation process that consists of distilling water together with other volatile and non-volatile components. The steam from the boiling water carries the vapor of the volatiles to a condenser; both are cooled and return to the liquid or solid state, while the non-volatile residues remain behind in the boiling container.
In addition to drinking water, VOCs are regulated in pollutant discharges to surface waters (both directly and via sewage treatment plants) [19] as hazardous waste, [20] but not in non-industrial indoor air. [21] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates VOC exposure in the workplace.