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An oncolytic virus is a virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells.As the infected cancer cells are destroyed by oncolysis, they release new infectious virus particles or virions to help destroy the remaining tumour.
Virotherapy is a treatment using biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are three main branches of virotherapy: anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy.
A cancer vaccine, or oncovaccine, is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer. [1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines or tumor antigen vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient.
Oncolytics Biotech was up as much as 12% today after announcing a successful phase 2 metastatic melanoma trial for its cancer drug Reolysin, which is based on a common virus. In this video, health ...
One particular application of this approach produced ColoAd1, which is a novel Ad11p/Ad3 chimeric Group B oncolytic virus with specificity for human colon cancer and a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activity in common solid tumours. [38]
AAV is a non-pathogenic virus, so it is currently being investigated for many gene therapy applications including oncolytic cancer treatments due to its relatively safe nature. AAV also has little risk for insertional mutagenesis , a common problem when dealing with viral vectors, as its transgenes are normally expressed episomally. [ 3 ]
The potential of viruses as anti-cancer agents was first realized in the early twentieth century, although coordinated research efforts did not begin until the 1960s. A number of viruses including adenovirus, reovirus, measles, herpes simplex, Newcastle disease virus and vaccinia have now been clinically tested as oncolytic agents.
JX-594 is an oncolytic virus is designed to target and destroy cancer cells. [1] It is also known as Pexa-Vec, [2] INN pexastimogene devacirepvec [3]) and was constructed in Dr. Edmund Lattime's lab at Thomas Jefferson University, tested in clinical trials on melanoma patients, and licensed and further developed by SillaJen.