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Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion ).
In combustion physics, fuel mass fraction is the ratio of fuel mass flow to the total mass flow of a fuel mixture. If an air flow is fuel free, the fuel mass fraction is zero; in pure fuel without trapped gases, the ratio is unity. [1] As fuel is burned in a combustion process, the fuel mass fraction is reduced. The definition reads as = where ...
With a fuel fraction of nearly 85%, the GlobalFlyer could carry 5 times its weight in fuel.. In aerospace engineering, an aircraft's fuel fraction, fuel weight fraction, [1] or a spacecraft's propellant fraction, is the weight of the fuel or propellant divided by the gross take-off weight of the craft (including propellant): [2]
Lean-burn refers to the burning of fuel with an excess of air in an internal combustion engine. In lean-burn engines the air–fuel ratio may be as lean as 65:1 (by mass). The air / fuel ratio needed to stoichiometrically combust gasoline, by contrast, is 14.64:1. The excess of air in a lean-burn engine emits far less hydrocarbons.
A gasoline engine burns a mix of gasoline and air, consisting of a range of about twelve to eighteen parts (by weight) of air to one part of fuel (by weight). A mixture with a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio is stoichiometric, that is when burned, 100% of the fuel and the oxygen are consumed.
In the first example, we will show how to use a mass balance to derive a relationship between the percent excess air for the combustion of a hydrocarbon-base fuel oil and the percent oxygen in the combustion product gas. First, normal dry air contains 0.2095 mol of oxygen per mole of air, so there is one mole of O 2 in 4.773 mol of dry air.
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Assume a two-stream problem having one portion of the boundary the fuel stream with fuel mass fraction =, and another portion of the boundary the oxidizer stream with oxidizer mass fraction =,. For example, if the oxidizer stream is air and the fuel stream contains only the fuel, then Y O , O = 0.232 {\displaystyle Y_{O,O}=0.232} and Y F , F ...