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The chemical state of a chemical element is due to its electronic, chemical and physical properties as it exists in combination with itself or a group of one or more other elements. A chemical state is often defined as an "oxidation state" when referring to metal cations. When referring to organic materials, a chemical state is usually defined ...
Such states of matter are studied in high-energy physics. In the 20th century, increased understanding of the properties of matter resulted in the identification of many states of matter. This list includes some notable examples.
Element Negative states Positive states Group Notes −5 −4 −3 −2 ... This list pulls data from {{Element-symbol-to-oxidation-state-data}} ...
This is a list of known oxidation states of the chemical elements, excluding nonintegral values. The most common states appear in bold. The table is based on that of Greenwood and Earnshaw, [21] with additions noted. Every element exists in oxidation state 0 when it is the pure non-ionized element in any phase, whether monatomic or polyatomic ...
the transition metal elements from group 4 to group 9 (titanium group to cobalt group) should be able to display the negative oxidation states which have the same parity as their group number (e.g, ruthenium is in group 8 an even number-so are its negative oxidation states -2 and -4). most of them also show the -1 oxidation state regardless of the parity of the group number (as in the case of ...
This is a list of unsolved problems in chemistry. Problems in chemistry are considered unsolved when an expert in the field considers it unsolved or when several experts in the field disagree about a solution to a problem.
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]
The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but it is possible for a single compound to form different phases that are in the same state of matter. For example, ice is the solid state of water, but there are multiple phases of ice with different crystal structures, which are formed at different pressures and temperatures.