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An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied to oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment. [1] This helps by either protecting drugs from the acidity of the stomach, the stomach from the detrimental effects of the drug, or to release the drug after the stomach (usually in the upper tract of the intestine). [2]
Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), also known as cellacefate and cellulosi acetas phthalas, is a commonly used polymer phthalate in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, such as the enteric coating of tablets or capsules and for controlled release formulations.
Phthalates can plasticise ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), all of which are used to make enteric coatings for tablet and capsule medications. These coatings protect drugs from the acidity of the stomach, but allow their release and absorption in the intestines.
Special coatings (for example with pearlescent effects) can enhance brand recognition. If the active ingredient of a tablet is sensitive to acid, or is irritant to the stomach lining, an enteric coating can be used, which is resistant to stomach acid, and dissolves in the less acidic area
Essentially, the capsule consists of extremely small enteric-coated granules (pellets) of the esomeprazole formulation inside an outer shell. When the capsule is immersed in an aqueous solution, as happens when the capsule reaches the stomach, water enters the capsule by osmosis .
Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules, with useful properties. [1] [2] In general, it is used to incorporate food ingredients, [3] enzymes, cells or other materials on a micro metric scale.
A film coating is a thin polymer-based coat that is typically sprayed onto solid pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, pellets or granules.Film coating can impact both its appearance and its pharmacokinetics making it an essential process in making the final drug product.
Phthalic anhydride treated with cellulose acetate gives cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), a common enteric coating excipient that has also been shown to have antiviral activity. [12] Phthalic anhydride is a degradation product of CAP. [13]