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An ornamental lily hybrid known as Lilium 'Citronella' [1] This is a list of plant hybrids created intentionally or by chance and exploited commercially in agriculture or horticulture. The hybridization event mechanism is documented where known, along with the authorities who described it.
Hybrid species are often more vigorous and genetically differed than their ancestors. There are primarily two different forms of hybridization: natural hybridization in an uncontrolled environment, whereas artificial hybridization (or breeding) occurs primarily for the agricultural purposes.
Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. [1] It is used to improve the quality of plant products for use by humans and animals. [2] The goals of plant breeding are to produce crop varieties that boast unique and superior traits for a variety of applications.
For a hybrid form to persist, it must be able to exploit the available resources better than either parent species, which, in most cases, it will have to compete with.For example: while grizzly bears and polar bears may be able to mate and produce offspring, a grizzly–polar bear hybrid is apparently less- suited in either of the parents' ecological niches than the original parent species ...
Cross-pollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant; Asexual propagation (e.g. runners from strawberry plants) where the new plant is genetically identical to its parent; Apomixis (self-cloning), where seeds are produced asexually and the new plant is genetically identical to its parent
Plant breeders also manipulate their subjects to hybridize in order to optimize their hardiness, appearance, or whatever desired traits they want to select for. [1] This type of hybridization has been particularly impactful for the production of many crop species, including but not limited to: certain types of rice, corn, wheat, barley, and rye.
Fused protoplast (left) with chloroplasts (from a leaf cell) and coloured vacuole (from a petal) Somatic fusion, also called protoplast fusion, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid. [1]
Heterotic groups are created by plant breeders to classify inbred lines, and can be progressively improved by reciprocal recurrent selection. Heterosis is used to increase yields, uniformity, and vigor. Hybrid breeding methods are used in maize, sorghum, rice, sugar beet, onion, spinach, sunflowers, broccoli and to create a more psychoactive ...