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Both Plato and Homer mention board games called 'petteia' (games played with 'pessoi', i.e. 'pieces' or 'men'). According to Plato, they are all Egyptian in origin. The name 'petteia' seems to be a generic term for board game and refers to various games. One such game was called 'poleis' (city states) and was a game of battle on a checkered ...
1174 — the first recorded race meeting in England was during the reign of Henry II at Smithfield, London during a horse fair. [24] 1512 — it is believed that the first occurrence of a trophy being presented to the winner of a race was by organisers of a fair in Chester; it was a small wooden bat or a ball decorated with flowers. [25] [26]
5000 – 3500 BC: First European proto-script – the Old European script (Danubian script). [183] [184] [185] 3850 – 3600 BC: Malta's Temple period begins. 3500 BC: First European civilization, Minoan civilization, begins on Crete. 3000 BC: Indo-Europeans begin a large-scale settlement of the continent. 2500 BC: Stonehenge is constructed.
During the first half of this period (c. 1025 —1185), Byzantine Empire dominated the Southeast Europe, and under the Komnenian emperors there was a revival of prosperity and urbanization; however, their domination of Southeast Europe was coming to an end with a successful Vlach-Bulgarian rebellion in 1185, and henceforth the region was ...
Coffeehouses were especially important to the spread of knowledge during the Enlightenment because they created a unique environment in which people from many different walks of life gathered and shared ideas. They were frequently criticized by nobles who feared the possibility of an environment in which class and its accompanying titles and ...
The originally European-dominated modern Olympic Games generally also ensured standardization in particularly European, especially British, directions when rules for similar games around the world were merged. [31] Regardless of game origins, the Industrial Revolution and mass production brought increased leisure which allowed more time to ...
Norse Viking explorers were the first known Europeans to set foot in North America. Norse journeys to Greenland and Canada are supported by historical and archaeological evidence. [ 11 ] The Norsemen established a colony in Greenland in the late tenth century, which lasted until the mid 15th-century, with court and parliament assemblies ( þing ...
A great number of popular global sports were first developed or codified in Europe. The modern game of golf originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery. [187]