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An X-ray generator generally contains an X-ray tube to produce the X-rays. Possibly, radioisotopes can also be used to generate X-rays. [1]An X-ray tube is a simple vacuum tube that contains a cathode, which directs a stream of electrons into a vacuum, and an anode, which collects the electrons and is made of tungsten to evacuate the heat generated by the collision.
Besides being used as an X-ray generator, the Z machine propelled small plates at 34 kilometers a second, faster than the 30 kilometers per second that Earth travels in its orbit around the Sun, and four times Earth's escape velocity (3 times it at sea level). [17]
The device was originally built in the 1970s for high-power x-ray research, was later re-directed to studies for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), and is now being used for magnetized target fusion research. Shiva Star was named after the Hindu god Shiva, partly because its prototype originally had four "arms"; it later got six "arms
Z machine may refer to: Z-machine , a text-based game interpreter Z Pulsed Power Facility , an x-ray generator at Sandia National Laboratories, informally known as the "Z machine"
The use of megavoltage x-rays for treatment first became widespread with the use of Cobalt-60 machines in the 1950s. [9] However prior to this other devices had been capable of producing megavoltage radiation, including the 1930s Van de Graaff generator and betatron .
In early and basic X-ray equipment, the applied voltage varies cyclically, with one, two, or more pulses per mains AC power cycle. One standard way to measure pulsating DC is its peak amplitude, hence kVp. Most modern X-ray generators apply a constant potential across the X-ray tube; in such systems, the kVp and the steady-state kV are identical.
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